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Jumat, 15 April 2011
Halton Derek Twigg MP gives backing to Prostate Cancer Awareness Month
HALTON MP Derek Twigg wants men in the borough to ‘get aware’ of a disease which claims the lives of thousands every year.
The shadow health minister has thrown his weight behind Prostate Cancer Awareness Month and is urging men in Halton to follow his lead.
The annual campaign is organised by the Prostate Cancer Charity, which has also launched a new drive at the Houses of Parliament called Testing Choices.
The drive aims to ensure that all men at higher risk of prostate cancer – including men over 50, those with a family history of the disease and African Caribbean men – understand their right to balanced information and the support they need about whether or not to have a PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) blood test. Mr Twigg said: “Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men.
“Every year 10,000 men die from prostate cancer and 37,000 men are diagnosed with the disease.
“We still have a long way to go in terms of understanding the causes and identifying the most effective ways of diagnosing and treating prostate cancer – as well as improving the public’s knowledge of some of the issues faced by people affected by the disease.
“That’s why I’m backing prostate cancer awareness month.”
Kamis, 14 April 2011
Prostate Cancer - Its Symptoms, Stages along with Different Treatment Methods
Prostate cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in a man's prostate gland.
Prostate gland (is a nut-shaped gland in men) that produces seminal fluid, the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. It makes part of the fluid for semen.
In young men, the prostate is about the size of a walnut. This grows with age.
Cancer occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes.
Occurrences of prostate cancer vary widely across the world. The high rates may be affected by increasing rates of detection.
prostate cancerProstate cancer develops most frequently in men over fifty. This cancer can only occur in men, as the prostate is exclusively of the male reproductive tract.
For many men a diagnosis of prostate cancer can be frightening, not only because of the threat to their lives, but because of the threat to their sexuality.
In fact, the possible consequences of treatment for prostate cancer which include bladder control problems and erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence can be a great concern for some men.
It is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States, where it is responsible for more male deaths than any other cancer, except lung cancer.
However, many men who develop prostate cancer never have symptoms, undergo no therapy, and eventually die of other causes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. Many factors, including genetics and diet, have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is most often discovered by physical examination or by screening blood tests, such as the PSA (prostate specific antigen) test. There is some current concern about the accuracy of the PSA test and its usefulness. Suspected prostate cancer is typically confirmed by removing a piece of the prostate (biopsy) and examining it under a microscope.
Further tests, such as X-rays and bone scans, may be performed to determine whether prostate cancer has spread.
Prostate cancer is very common and is an older man's disease. Most men who get it are older than 65. Since prostate cancer is a disease of older men, many will die of other causes before the prostate cancer can spread or cause symptoms. This makes treatment selection difficult.
If prostate cancer is detected early i.e. when it's still confined to the prostate gland then a better chance of successful treatment with minimal or short-term side effects is possible. Successful treatment of cancer that has spread beyond the prostate gland is more difficult. But treatments exist that can help control prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, occasionally chemotherapy, or some combination of these. The age and underlying health of the man as well as the extent of spread, appearance under the microscope, and response of the cancer to initial treatment are important in determining the outcome of the disease.
The decision whether or not to treat localized prostate cancer (a tumor that is contained within the prostate) with curative intent is a patient trade-off between the expected beneficial and harmful effects in terms of patient survival and quality of life. Prostate cancer can be categorized as follows:
* Locally advanced prostate cancer is cancer that has grown through the outer rim of the prostate and into nearby tissue.
* Metastatic prostate cancer is cancer that has spread, or metastasized, to the lymph nodes or other areas of the body.
* Recurrent prostate cancer is cancer that has come back after previous treatment. The cancer can reappear in the prostate, near the prostate, or in another part of the body. If it reappears in another part of the body—often the bones—it is still called prostate cancer because it started in the prostate.
Heart-disease drug may also fight prostate cancer
A drug normally used to treat heart disease may also double as a prostate cancer fighter.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore set out to screen a wide range of existing medications for potential anti-cancer properties. They discovered that digoxin significantly reduced the growth of prostate cancer cells in a lab dish.
They then looked at data from a continuing observational study of 47,000 men to see if patients who had been prescribed digoxin for heart problems were less likely to get prostate cancer. And, sure enough, the analysis revealed they had a 24-per-cent lower risk of developing a cancerous tumour in the male gland, compared with men not on the drug.
Digoxin is derived from the foxglove plant, which has been used for centuries as an ingredient in some traditional folk medicines. And, for decades, the prescription drug has been given to patients suffering from congestive heart failure and heart rhythm abnormalities.
Despite the promising results of this latest study, published this month in Cancer Discovery, the researchers won’t be recommending digoxin, in it’s current formulation, for the prevention of prostate cancer because it has a lot of side effects.
“This is not a drug you’d give to healthy people,” said the lead researcher Elizabeth Platz. It can cause nausea, headaches, vomiting and male breast enlargement.
She said the researchers need to figure how digoxin might be keeping prostate cancer at bay. Once that’s done, they may be able to develop a new drug that specifically targets prostate cancer – without digoxin’s usual side effects.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore set out to screen a wide range of existing medications for potential anti-cancer properties. They discovered that digoxin significantly reduced the growth of prostate cancer cells in a lab dish.
They then looked at data from a continuing observational study of 47,000 men to see if patients who had been prescribed digoxin for heart problems were less likely to get prostate cancer. And, sure enough, the analysis revealed they had a 24-per-cent lower risk of developing a cancerous tumour in the male gland, compared with men not on the drug.
Digoxin is derived from the foxglove plant, which has been used for centuries as an ingredient in some traditional folk medicines. And, for decades, the prescription drug has been given to patients suffering from congestive heart failure and heart rhythm abnormalities.
Despite the promising results of this latest study, published this month in Cancer Discovery, the researchers won’t be recommending digoxin, in it’s current formulation, for the prevention of prostate cancer because it has a lot of side effects.
“This is not a drug you’d give to healthy people,” said the lead researcher Elizabeth Platz. It can cause nausea, headaches, vomiting and male breast enlargement.
She said the researchers need to figure how digoxin might be keeping prostate cancer at bay. Once that’s done, they may be able to develop a new drug that specifically targets prostate cancer – without digoxin’s usual side effects.
More evidence for waiting to treat prostate cancer
For older men with low-risk prostate cancer, a new study adds to evidence that closely watching the tumor instead of immediately treating it may be a reasonable option.
In a study of more than 650 men who averaged 66 years old, most were able to go for 5 years without treatment for their prostate cancer, according to the report in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
"The underlying problem is that we're over-treating prostate cancer because we don't have a perfect method of identifying those people that will never be harmed by their cancer," said Dr. H. Ballentine Carter, professor of urology and oncology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland.
"In general, the vast number of (prostate) cancers are of the slow-growing variety that a person could live with for years," Carter, who co-authored the study, told Reuters Health.
Prostate cancer screening through PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testing has helped find cancers that never would have caused problems, said Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, who was not part of the study.
A PSA test costs about $20 to $30, Carter said.
The ease of using the test to screen men has led to growing concern that low-risk cancers are being overdiagnosed, particularly in older men more likely to die of some other cause before the prostate cancer ever becomes an issue.
Past studies have shown that prostate cancer screening doesn't help men live longer, and not treating the disease doesn't result in high death rates. (See Reuters Health stories of June 18 and September 15, 2010.)
Based on these and other findings, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force does not recommend screening men older than 75, and says there isn't enough evidence of whether it's useful for younger men.
For those men over 65 who are tested and diagnosed with a low-risk prostate cancer, "the first question is not how I'm going to treat, but if I'm going to treat or not," Carter said.
Ultimately, about a third of the men in the study had treatment. The majority -- about 8 out of 10 -- put it off for 2 years, while 6 out of 10 went for 5 years. There were no deaths from prostate cancer in the study.
The researchers used active surveillance, which means checking PSA levels and yearly biopsies. In this approach, if the tumor is found to have progressed, a man will then undergo treatment involving either surgery or radiation.
These treatments can lead to urinary or bowel incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Most men will have one or more of these side effects, but many lessen over time, according to the Prostate Cancer Foundation.
Surgery runs from $20,000 to $30,000, while radiation treatment can cost from $20,000 to $100,000, depending on the type, Brawley said.
The researchers followed more than 650 men, averaging 66 years old, who had been diagnosed with very low-risk prostate cancer. They followed the men for as long as 15 years. At the end of the study, about 400 of the participants had had no treatment for their cancers, and about 250 did.
In a study of more than 650 men who averaged 66 years old, most were able to go for 5 years without treatment for their prostate cancer, according to the report in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
"The underlying problem is that we're over-treating prostate cancer because we don't have a perfect method of identifying those people that will never be harmed by their cancer," said Dr. H. Ballentine Carter, professor of urology and oncology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland.
"In general, the vast number of (prostate) cancers are of the slow-growing variety that a person could live with for years," Carter, who co-authored the study, told Reuters Health.
Prostate cancer screening through PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testing has helped find cancers that never would have caused problems, said Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, who was not part of the study.
A PSA test costs about $20 to $30, Carter said.
The ease of using the test to screen men has led to growing concern that low-risk cancers are being overdiagnosed, particularly in older men more likely to die of some other cause before the prostate cancer ever becomes an issue.
Past studies have shown that prostate cancer screening doesn't help men live longer, and not treating the disease doesn't result in high death rates. (See Reuters Health stories of June 18 and September 15, 2010.)
Based on these and other findings, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force does not recommend screening men older than 75, and says there isn't enough evidence of whether it's useful for younger men.
For those men over 65 who are tested and diagnosed with a low-risk prostate cancer, "the first question is not how I'm going to treat, but if I'm going to treat or not," Carter said.
Ultimately, about a third of the men in the study had treatment. The majority -- about 8 out of 10 -- put it off for 2 years, while 6 out of 10 went for 5 years. There were no deaths from prostate cancer in the study.
The researchers used active surveillance, which means checking PSA levels and yearly biopsies. In this approach, if the tumor is found to have progressed, a man will then undergo treatment involving either surgery or radiation.
These treatments can lead to urinary or bowel incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Most men will have one or more of these side effects, but many lessen over time, according to the Prostate Cancer Foundation.
Surgery runs from $20,000 to $30,000, while radiation treatment can cost from $20,000 to $100,000, depending on the type, Brawley said.
The researchers followed more than 650 men, averaging 66 years old, who had been diagnosed with very low-risk prostate cancer. They followed the men for as long as 15 years. At the end of the study, about 400 of the participants had had no treatment for their cancers, and about 250 did.
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